Impressionism

Impressionism

-modern life

- applying science

-painting quickly 

- exhibitions

Impressionism is a 19th-century art movement that originated with a group of Paris-based artists whose independent exhibitions brought them to prominence during the 1870s and 1880s. 
Impressionist painting characteristics include relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities, ordinary subject matter, inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles.  
The Impressionists faced harsh opposition from the conventional art community in France. The name of the style derives from the title of a Claude Monet work, Impression.

 Historical subjects, religious themes, and portraits were valued; landscape and still life were not like previously.

The term 'Impressionist' was first used as an insult in response to an exhibition of new  paintings in Paris in 1874. A diverse group of painters, rejected by the art establishment, defiantly set up their own exhibition . They included Monet, Renoir, Pissarro and Degas. 

Landscapes, and scenes from modern urban and suburban life painted in bright, pure colours are typical. Impressionist often began (and sometimes completed) their paintings outdoors rather in a studio. Their rapidly applied brushstrokes are often visible.

Characteristics of the Impressionist painter were:

- visible brushstrokes

- artists often used oils

- open competition

-emphasis of light and its changing

- ordinary subject matter

- movement of subject

Paul Cezanne

He was a French artist. 

Cezanne is the bridge artist from the Impressionist to the Cubists. 

In the 'House of Hanged man' and  'Portrait of Victor Choque, he painted directly from the subject and employed, short, loaded brushstrokes- characteristic of the Impressionist style as well as the works of Monet, Renoir and Pissarro. 

Cezanne's paintings from the last three decades of his life established new paradigms for the development of modern art. Working slowly and patiently, the painter transformed the restless power of his earlier years into the structuring of a pictorial language that would go on to impact nearly every radical phase of 20th century art.

Basket of Apples

Claude Monet

Monet was a French artist.
He was a founder of French Impressionist painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein-air landscape painting. 
Monet's ambition of documenting the French countryside led him to adopt a method of painting the same scene many times in order to capture changing of light and the passing of the seasons. 
He used a really interesting thing one of his painting, he put sand in an oil painting- The beach of Tronville. 

Water Lilies

Pierre Auguste Renoir

He started out as an apprentice to a porcelain painter and studied drawing in his free time. 
He and some of his friends, including Pissarro, Monet, Cézanne and Edgar Degas, decided to show their works on their own in Paris in 1874, which became known as the first Impressionist exhibition.
Renoir, like other Impressionists, embraced a brighter palette for his paintings, which gave them a warmer and sunnier feel. He also used different types of brushstrokes to capture his artistic vision on the canvas.
 His 1878 painting, "Madame Charpentier and her Children," was featured in the official Salon of the following year and brought him much critical admiration.
Besides leaving behind over two hundred works of art, Renoir served as an inspiration to so many other artists—Pierre Bonnard, Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso are just a few who benefitted from Renoir's artistic style and methods.

Edgar Degas

Painter and sculptor Edgar Degas was a highly celebrated 19th century French Impressionist whose work helped shape the fine art landscape for years to come.
He was a French artist famous for his paintings, sculptures, prints, and drawings. He is especially identified with the subject of dance; more than half of his works depict dancers. He is regarded as one of the founders of Impressionism, although he rejected the term, preferring to be called a realist.
 His portraits are notable for their psychological complexity and for their portrayal of human isolation.
Recognized as an important artist in his lifetime, Degas is now considered "one of the founders of Impressionism. Though his work crossed many stylistic boundaries, his involvement with the other major figures of Impressionism and their exhibitions, his dynamic paintings and sketches of everyday life and activities, and his bold color experiments, served to finally tie him to the Impressionist movement as one of its greatest artists.
Degas's paintings, pastels, drawings, and sculptures are on prominent display in many museums, and have been the subject of many museum exhibitions and retrospectives.