Conceptual Art
&
Young British artists
Conceptual Art
Conceptual art is art for which the idea (or concept) behind the artwork, and the way it is made are more important than the finished work itself. The term usually refers to artworks from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s. Because conceptual artists stressed the ideas and methods of production as the value of the work (rather than the finished object), it follows that conceptual art can be – and look like – almost anything. Conceptual art, sometimes simply called Conceptualism, is art in which the concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns. Many works of conceptual art, sometimes called installations, may be constructed by anyone simply by following a set of written instructions.
Joseph Kosuth
Land Art
Richard Long is most famously known for documenting his journeys from epic solitary walks through photography, maps and text.
Andrew Goldsworthy
He is a British sculptor, photographer and environmentalist producing site-specific sculpture and land art situated in natural and urban settings. Goldsworthy regards his creations as transient or ephemeral. He photographs each piece once right after he makes it. His goals is to understand nature by directly participating in nature as intimately as hecan. Hr generally works with whatever comes to hand: twigs, leaves, stones, snow and ice , reeds and thorns.
Performance Art
Who is Michael Craig Martin?
Conceptual art is art for which the idea (or concept) behind the artwork, and the way it is made are more important than the finished work itself. The term usually refers to artworks from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s. Because conceptual artists stressed the ideas and methods of production as the value of the work (rather than the finished object), it follows that conceptual art can be – and look like – almost anything. Conceptual art, sometimes simply called Conceptualism, is art in which the concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns. Many works of conceptual art, sometimes called installations, may be constructed by anyone simply by following a set of written instructions.
Keith Arnatt
Arnatt's work is referred to by the art historian Charles Townsend Harrison as " ... developing during the mid '60s from a concern with Minimal paintings and sculptures posing gestalt problems, through involvement with elements of behaviour and performance to works often sited out of doors involving suspension or interruption of the spectator's expectations." Arnatt's works, associated with conceptual art came to prominence in the late 1960s. A number of works from this period, including Self-Burial (Television Interference Project) (1969) and Trouser-Word Piece (1972-89 version) are in the Tate collection.
Joseph Kosuth
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| Joseph Kosuth Clock (One and Five), English/Latin Version (Exhibition Version) 1965, 1997 Clock, photographs and printed texts |
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| Joseph Kosuth, One and Three Chairs (1965) |
Land art was part of the wider conceptual art movement in the 1960s and 1970s. The most famous land art work is Robert Smithson’s Spiral Jetty of 1970, an earthwork built out into the Great Salt Lake in the USA. Though some artists such as Smithson used mechanical earth-moving equipment to make their artworks, other artists made minimal and temporary interventions in the landscape such as Richard Long who simply walked up and down until he had made a mark in the earth. Land art, which is also known as earth art, was usually documented in artworks using photographs and maps which the artist could exhibit in a gallery.
Robert Smithson
American artist Robert Smithson used the land itself as his medium and the landscape as his gallery:
I think that’s more or less run its course – the typical idea of exhibitions in a museum. I think it would be quite possible to make art in a quarry, a mine, a lake, or canal – you know, any number of places. To build directly out of the ground of the site is one of my intentions.
Robert Smithson, in conversation with Kenneth Baker, 1971
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| Robert Smithson spiral Jetty April 1970, Great Salt Lake, Utah Black rock, salt crystals, earth, red water (algae) |
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| Robert Smithson Order in Chaos |
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| South Bank Circle by Richard Long |
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| Small White Pebble Circles |
He is a British sculptor, photographer and environmentalist producing site-specific sculpture and land art situated in natural and urban settings. Goldsworthy regards his creations as transient or ephemeral. He photographs each piece once right after he makes it. His goals is to understand nature by directly participating in nature as intimately as hecan. Hr generally works with whatever comes to hand: twigs, leaves, stones, snow and ice , reeds and thorns.
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| Rivers and Tides |
Performance Art
Performance art is sometimes carefully planned and scripted but can also be spontaneous and random. Although it often takes place in front of an audience and may involve audience participation – or the orchestration of other participants by the artist – it can also be an action performed privately by the artist.Performance art has origins in futurism and dada, but became a major phenomenon in the 1960s and 1970s and can be seen as a branch of conceptual art.
Stelarc
He is a Cyprus-born performance artist raised in the Melbourne suburb of Sunshine,whose works focuses heavily on extending the capabilities of the human body. As such, most of his pieces are centered on his concept that the human body is obsolete.
Stelarc, the award-winning Australian performance artist who has grown a third ear on his arm for art’s sake, believes it is. And as he pursues further surgeries to install a Wi-Fi connected microphone that will allow people anywhere in the world to listen to what he hears, he hopes he can convince others of his vision.
Young British Artists (YBA)Who is Michael Craig Martin?
He is an Irish contemporary conceptual artist and painter. He is noted for fostering the Young British Artists, many of whom he taught, and for his conceptual artwork, An Oak Tree. He is Emeritus Professor of Fine Art at Goldsmiths. Goldsmiths College of Art played an important role in the development of the movement. It had for some years been fostering new forms of creativity through its courses which abolished the traditional separation of media into painting, sculpture, printmaking etc. Michael Craig-Martin was among its most influential teachers.
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| An Oak Tree Michael Craig Martin 1973 |
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| Details of the An Oak Tree |
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| Study for Storeroom 2000 |
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| Eye of the Storm |
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| Untitled (painting), 2010, Acrylic on Aluminium |
The label Young British Artists (YBAs) is applied to a loose group of British artists who began to exhibit together in 1988 and who became known for their openness to materials and processes, shock tactics and entrepreneurial attitude
In the late 1980s British art entered what was quickly recognised as a new and excitingly distinctive phase, the era of what became known as the YBAs – the Young British Artists. Young British Art can be seen to have a convenient starting point in the exhibition Freeze organised in 1988 by Damien Hirst (the most celebrated, or notorious, of the YBAs) while he was still a student at Goldsmiths College of Art. Freeze included the work of fellow Goldsmiths students, many of whom also became leading artists associated with the YBAs, such as Sarah Lucas, Angus Fairhurst and Michael Landy.
In the late 1980s British art entered what was quickly recognised as a new and excitingly distinctive phase, the era of what became known as the YBAs – the Young British Artists. Young British Art can be seen to have a convenient starting point in the exhibition Freeze organised in 1988 by Damien Hirst (the most celebrated, or notorious, of the YBAs) while he was still a student at Goldsmiths College of Art. Freeze included the work of fellow Goldsmiths students, many of whom also became leading artists associated with the YBAs, such as Sarah Lucas, Angus Fairhurst and Michael Landy.
The YBA brand
The first use of the term ‘young British artists’ to describe the work of Hirst and these other young artists was by Michael Corris in Artforum, May 1992. The acronym ‘YBA’ was coined later in 1996 in Art Monthly magazine. The label turned out to be a powerful brand recognised worldwide and a useful marketing tool for the artists associated with it (as well as for British art generally in the 1990s). One of the features that defines the YBAs is their ‘can do’ entrepreneurial approach to showing and marketing their work. This can be seen in ambitious exhibitions such as Freeze organised by Hirst and his contemporaries, as well as in ventures such as the Pharmacy restaurant opened in Notting Hill in 1998 and backed by Hirst, and The Shop set up in an empty shop in East London by artists Tracey Emin and Sarah Lucas in order to market their work.
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| Damien Hirst Mother and Child (Divided) exhibition copy 2007 (original 1993) Presented by the artist 2007 |
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| Sarah Lucas Pauline Bunny 1997 Mixed media |
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| Michael Landy Cor! What a Bargain! 1992 |
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| Cornelia Parker Thirty Pieces of Silver 1988-9 Silver and metal |
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| Tracey Emin, Sarah Lucas The Last Night of the Shop 3.7.93 1993 Fabric and paper badges |
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