Assignment
'2 minutes'
Land Art
Land art is art that is made directly in the landscape, sculpting the land itself into earthworks or making structures in the landscape using natural materials such as rocks or twigs.
Land art was part of the wider conceptual art movement in the 1960s and 1970s. The most famous land art work is Robert Smithson’s Spiral Jetty of 1970, an earthwork built out into the Great Salt Lake in the USA. Though some artists such as Smithson used mechanical earth-moving equipment to make their artworks, other artists made minimal and temporary interventions in the landscape such as Richard Long who simply walked up and down until he had made a mark in the earth.
Land art, which is also known as earth art, was usually documented in artworks using photographs and maps which the artist could exhibit in a gallery. Land artists also made land art in the gallery by bringing in material from the landscape and using it to create installations.
As well as Richard Long and Robert Smithson, key land artists include Walter de Maria, Michael Heizer.
Theory of Conceptual Art
Conceptual art is art for which the idea (or concept) behind the artwork, and the way it is made are more important than the finished work itself. The term usually refers to artworks from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s. Because conceptual artists stressed the ideas and methods of production as the value of the work (rather than the finished object), it follows that conceptual art can be – and look like – almost anything. This is because, unlike a painter or sculptor who will think about how best they can express their idea using paint or sculptural materials and techniques, a conceptual artist uses whatever materials and whatever form is most appropriate to putting their idea across – this could be anything from a performance to a written description. Although there is no one style or form used by conceptual artists, from the late 1960s certain trends emerged.
A concept is an idea or thought, so the term conceptual art means literally ‘idea art’ – or art about ideas.
Key Artists
Richard Long
He is an English sculptor and one of the best known British land artist.
He won the Turner Prize in 1989 for White Water Line.
Richard Long is most famously known for documenting his journeys from epic solitary walks through photography, maps and text.
He won the Turner Prize in 1989 for White Water Line.
Richard Long is most famously known for documenting his journeys from epic solitary walks through photography, maps and text.
Several of his works were based around walks that he has made, and as well as land based natural sculpture, he uses the mediums of photography, text and maps of the landscape he has walked over.
In his work, often cited as a response to the environments he walked in, the landscape would be deliberately changed in some way, as in A Line Made by Walking (1967), and sometimes sculptures were made in the landscape from rocks or similar found materials and then photographed. Other pieces consist of photographs or maps of unaltered landscapes accompanied by texts detailing the location and time of the walk it indicates.
1960
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| A Line Made by Walking (1967) |
1970
1980
1990
2000
Robert Smithson
Robert Smithson was an American artist famous for his use of photography in relation to sculpture and land art.
He used the land itself as his medium and the landscape as his gallery.
He used the land itself as his medium and the landscape as his gallery.
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| Robert Smithson spiral Jetty April 1970, Great Salt Lake, Utah |
He soon came to focus on sculpture; he responded to the Minimalism and Conceptualism of the early 1960s and he started to expand his work out of galleries and into the landscape. In 1970, he produced the Earthwork, or Land art, for which he is best known, Spiral Jetty, a remarkable coil of rock composed in the colored waters of the shore of the Great Salt Lake in Utah. In 1973, he died in an aircraft accident when he was surveying the site for another Earthwork in Texas.
Walter de Maria
He was an American artist, sculptor, illustrator and composer, who lived and worked in New York City. Walter de Maria's artistic practice is connected with Minimal art, Conceptual art, and Land art of the 1960s.
Michael Heizer
He is a contemporary artist specializing in large-scale sculptures and earth art (or land art).
Michael Heizer is known for a body of work that relies on the beauty of his natural materials (rocks, dirt, land itself) and that often verges on near-comical grandiosity with its size and themes.
He is a contemporary artist specializing in large-scale sculptures and earth art (or land art).
Michael Heizer is known for a body of work that relies on the beauty of his natural materials (rocks, dirt, land itself) and that often verges on near-comical grandiosity with its size and themes.
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| Michael Heizer, "Rift 1 (Nine Nevada Depressions)," 1968. |
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| Michael Heizer. Motorcycle Land Art. 'Circular Planar Displacement Drawing' was made in a dry Nevada lake in 1970 by a man driving a motorcycle in circular. |
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| Michael Heizer, Double Negative(1969) |
Andrew Goldsworthy
He is a British sculptor, photographer and environmentalist producing site-specific sculpture and land art situated in natural and urban settings. Goldsworthy regards his creations as transient or ephemeral. He photographs each piece once right after he makes it. His goals is to understand nature by directly participating in nature as intimately as hecan. He generally works with whatever comes to hand: twigs, leaves, stones, snow and ice , reeds and thorns.
Music in the 60's
Music of the United Kingdom developed in the 1960s into one of the leading forms of popular music in the modern world. By the early 1960s the British had developed a viable national music industry and began to produce adapted forms of American music in Beat music and British blues which would be re-exported to America by bands such as The Beatles and Rolling Stones.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_lNP-x94-SE&index=2&list=PLC373F8FF29B7739C
Elvis Presley
Musician and actor Elvis Presley endured rapid fame in the mid-1950s—on the radio, TV and the silver screen—and continues to be one of the biggest names in rock 'n' roll. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is often referred to as "the King of Rock and Roll", or simply, "the King".
Musician and actor Elvis Presley endured rapid fame in the mid-1950s—on the radio, TV and the silver screen—and continues to be one of the biggest names in rock 'n' roll. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is often referred to as "the King of Rock and Roll", or simply, "the King".
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